The Beautiful Nature

2009-08-31T15:30:00.000+07:00

Earth was a largest canvas. A place where founded various types of images on life moment even death. You can find beautiful side of art in nature, and you can also find a deterioration in the other side. Those all depends on your perspective to view it. So that's why everything is depend on your mind.

You must be wise to handle the world

Is it a wise word? .... ha ..ha ..ha..it's very strange!!

It's a moment to see the pollen as a core of flower..

Bisnis Penghasil Uang Melalui Internet

2009-04-20T16:41:00.000+07:00

Bisnis penghasil uang....kalimat ini tentu tidak terasa aneh ataupun luar biasa karena yang namanya bisnis tentu mempunyai satu tujuan yaitu menghasilkan uang bagi si pebisnis.
Kalau sering menjelajah dunia internet dengan menggunakan keyword kata bisnis tentu akan bermunculan ribuan dan jutaan hasil yang ditampilkan oleh mesin pencari. Kata yang lebih spesifik mungkin bisa menggunakan keyword bisnis internet, inipun akan banyak sekali hasil yang ditemukan oleh mesin pencari.

Sudah beberapa waktu ini saya sangat tertarik mengenai masalah bisnis internet, penawaran hasil bisnis ini sangat menggiurkan karena kebanyakan penghasilannya menggunakan dollar. Tau sendiri kan kalau mata uang kita masih di bawah, jadi kalau kita mendapat penghasilan dollar pastinya cukup lumayan. Berandai-andai saja dulu, misalkan kita bisa meraih 100 dollar perbulan kemudian kita kalikan dengan mata uang kita,kita ambil 9.000 saja per satu dollar tinggal dikalikan dengan 100 dollar hasilnya bisa dibayangkan....wah memang lumayan sekali bukan...

Kali ini saya sangat ingin berbagi tips bagaimana memperoleh penghasilan tersebut lewat internet dan saya sangat yakin anda tidak akan menyesal mendapatkan itu semua..

Banyak tips yang akan anda dapatkan, diantaranya

Tips memiliki account Paypal
Tips memperoleh income tanpa modal
Tips meraih Paypal secara instan dan gratis
Tips meraih $400/minggu hanya dengan copy paste
Tips meraih income melalui affiliate program
Tips membanjiri Paypal dengan mudah
dan masih banyak.... lagi tips-tips berkualitas lainnya.

Penasaran?

Klik saja disini.

Kalau anda memang berminat menjadi pebisnis di dunia internet jangan ragu lagi..Anda tidak akan merasa rugi sedikitpun karena tips-tips ini bisa digunakan oleh siapa saja baik pemula maupun yang sudah ahli. So, don't worry you will get the real effect from it.
Trust me.

Pergeseran Bahasa

2009-03-15T14:07:00.001+07:00

Halo...
sudah cukup lumayan lama saya ga nulis di blog ini setelah entri pertama diterbitkan.

Beberapa hari yang lalu kami mengadakan diskusi di kelas, pemateri membahas tentang adanya pergeseran bahasa Indonesia yang terjadi di satu mall kota Palangkaraya ini, mereka menunjukkan bukti-bukti adanya pergeseran bahasa yang terjadi lewat tulisan-tulisan di toko-toko yang ada di mall tersebut, seperti nama toko, kata selamat datang yang di tulis dengan menggunakan bahasa Inggris, kata tutup, buka, keluar atau kata umum lainnya yang ditulis dengan bahasa asing.

Setelah adanya wawancara atau observasi terhadap satu karyawan yang bekerja di salah satu toko tersebut, mengatakan, pemilihan bahasa asing itu digunakan untuk mengambil perhatian konsumen karena bahasa asing, yang kebanyakannya menggunakan bahasa inggris, dianggap lebih populer atau keren karena katanya sih...bahasa Inggris itu bahasa gaul sedunia :-D

Setelah melihat keadaan tersebut, ehmm...sebenarnya apa memang benar orang-orang Indonesia kurang menghargai bahasanya sendiri? Selain itu bagaimana dengan slogan "Gunakanlah bahasa Indonesia yang baik dan benar!"..

O..jadi teringat kata salah satu teman tentang slogan tersebut, ternyata gara-gara slogan tersebut ada mahasiswa jurusan pendidikan bahasa Inggris yang protes, katanya mereka harus bagaimana sedangkan mereka belajar di fakultas pendidikan bahasa Inggris....he..he..:-)

Blending And Clipping

2009-02-18T18:47:00.000+07:00

Blend

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In linguistics, a blend is a word formed from parts of two other words. These parts are sometimes, but not always, morphemes.

Blends deal with the action of abridging and then combining various lexemes to form a new word. However, the process of defining which words are true blends and which are not is more complicated. The difficulty comes in determine which parts of a new word are "recoverable" (its root can be distinguished).^[1]

There are many types of blends, based on how they are formed. Algeo, a linguist, proposed dividing blends into three groups^[1] :

Phonemic Overlap: a syllable or part of a syllable is shared between two words
Clipping: the shortening of two words and then compounding them
Phenomic Overlap and Clipping: shortening of two words to a shared syllable and then compounding

However, classification of types of blends is not standard among all linguists.

Formation

Most blends are formed by one of the following methods:

The beginning of one word is added to the end of the other (see portmanteau word. For example, brunch is a blend of breakfast and lunch. One of the two may be a whole word if it is short. This is the most common method of blending. A monosyllabic word is divided into its onset and rime if necessary. A blend of this type typically has the same number of syllables as the second word.

Ø broccoli (3) + cauliflower (4) → broccoflower (4)

Ø breakfast (2) + lunch (1) → brunch (1)

Ø camera (3) + recorder (3) → camcorder (3)

Ø education (4) + entertainment (4) → edutainment (4)

Ø information (4) + commercial (3) → infomercial (4, exception)

Ø motor (2) + hotel (2) → motel (2)

Ø simultaneous (5) + broadcast (2) → simulcast (3, exception)

Ø smoke (1) + fog (1) → smog (1)

Ø spoon (1) + fork (1) → spork (1)

Ø stagnation (3) + inflation (3) → stagflation (3)

The beginnings of two words are combined. For example, cyborg is a blend of cybernetic and organism.
Two words are blended around a common sequence of sounds. For example, the word Californication, from a song by the Red Hot Chili Peppers, is a blend of California and fornication.
Multiple sounds from two component words are blended, while mostly preserving the sounds' order. Poet Lewis Carroll was well known for these kinds of blends. An example of this is the word slithy, a blend of lithe and slimy. This method is difficult to achieve and is considered a sign of Carroll's verbal wit.

When two words are combined in their entirety, the result is considered a compound word rather than a blend. For example, bagpipe is a compound, not a blend, of bag and pipe.

Blending of two roots

Blending can also apply to roots rather than words, for instance in Israeli Hebrew. "Israeli דחפור dakhpór ‘bulldozer’ hybridizes (Mishnaic Hebrew>>)Israeli דחפ √dħp ‘push’ and (Biblical Hebrew>>)Israeli חפר √ħpr ‘dig’[...] Israeli שלטוט shiltút ‘zapping, surfing the channels, flipping through the channels’ derives from (i) (Hebrew>)Israeli שלט shalát ‘remote control’, an ellipsis – like English remote (but using the noun instead) – of the (widely known) compound שלט רחוק shalát rakhók – cf. the Academy of the Hebrew Language’s שלט רחק shalát rákhak; and (ii) (Hebrew>)Israeli שטוט shitút ‘wandering, vagrancy’. Israeli שלטוט shiltút was introduced by the Academy of the Hebrew Language in [...] 1996. Synchronically, it might appear to result from reduplication of the final consonant of shalát ‘remote control’. Another example of blending which has also been explained as mere reduplication is Israeli גחלילית gakhlilít ‘fire-fly, glow-fly, Lampyris’. This coinage by Hayyim Nahman Bialik blends (Hebrew>)Israeli גחלת gakhélet ‘burning coal’ with (Hebrew>)Israeli לילה láyla ‘night’. Compare this with the unblended חכלילית khakhlilít ‘(black) redstart, Phœnicurus’ (<<Biblical Hebrew חכליל ‘dull red, reddish’). Synchronically speaking though, most native Israeli-speakers feel that gakhlilít includes a reduplication of the third radical of גחל √għl. This is incidentally how Ernest Klein^[2] explains gakhlilít. Since he is attempting to provide etymology, his description might be misleading if one agrees that Hayyim Nahman Bialik had blending in mind."^[3]

"There are two possible etymological analyses for Israeli Hebrew כספר kaspár ‘bank clerk, teller’. The first is that it consists of (Hebrew>)Israeli כסף késef ‘money’ and the (International/Hebrew>)Israeli agentive suffix ר- -ár. The second is that it is a quasi-portmanteau word which blends כסף késef ‘money’ and (Hebrew>)Israeli ספר √spr ‘count’. Israeli Hebrew כספר kaspár started as a brand name but soon entered the common language. Even if the second analysis is the correct one, the final syllable ר- -ár apparently facilitated nativization since it was regarded as the Hebrew suffix ר- -år (probably of Persian pedigree), which usually refers to craftsmen and professionals, for instance as in Mendele Mocher Sforim’s coinage סמרטוטר smartutár ‘rag-dealer’."^[4]

Lexical selection

Blending may occur with an error in lexical selection, the process by which a speaker uses his semantic knowledge to choose words. Lewis Carroll's explanation, which gave rise to the use of 'portmanteau' for such combinations, was:

Humpty Dumpty's theory, of two meanings packed into one word like a portmanteau, seems to me the right explanation for all. For instance, take the two words "fuming" and "furious." Make up your mind that you will say both words ... you will say "frumious."^[5]

The errors are based on similarity of meanings, rather than phonological similarities, and the morphemes or phonemes stay in the same position within the syllable^[6].

Use

Some languages, like Japanese, encourage the shortening and merging of borrowed foreign words (as in gairaigo), because they are long or difficult to pronounce in the target language. For example, karaoke, a combination of the Japanese word kara (meaning empty) and the clipped form oke of the English loanword "orchestra" (J. ōkesutora オーケストラ), is a Japanese blend that has entered the English language. (From the article gairaigo.)

Many corporate brand names, trademarks, and initiatives, as well as names of corporations and organizations themselves, are blends. For example, Wiktionary, one of Wikipedia's sister projects, is a blend of wiki and dictionary. Also, Nabisco is a blend of the initial syllables of National Biscuit Company.

Clipping (morphology)

In linguistics, clipping is the word formation process which consists in the reduction of a word to one of its parts (Marchand:1969). Clipping is also known as "truncation" or "shortening."

According to Marchand (1969), clippings are not coined as words belonging to the standard vocabulary of a language. They originate as terms of a special group like schools, army, police, the medical profession, etc., in the intimacy of a milieu where a hint is sufficient to indicate the whole. For example, exam(ination), math(ematic), and lab(oratory) originated in school slang; spec(ulation) and tick(et = credit) in stock-exchange slang; and vet(eran) and cap(tain) in army slang. While clipping terms of some influential groups can pass into common usage, becoming part of Standard English, clippings of a socially unimportant class or group will remain group slang.

Clipping mainly consists of the following types:

Back clipping
Fore-clipping
Middle clipping
Complex clipping

Back clipping

Back clipping or apocopation is the most common type, in which the beginning is retained. The unclipped original may be either a simple or a composite. Examples are: ad (advertisement), cable (cablegram), doc (doctor), exam (examination), fax (facsimile), gas (gasoline), gym (gymnastics, gymnasium), math (mathematics), memo (memorandum), mutt (muttonhead), pub (public house), pop (popular concert), trad (traditional jazz).

Fore-clipping

Fore-clipping or aphaeresis retains the final part. Examples: chute (parachute), coon (raccoon), gator (alligator), phone (telephone), pike (turnpike), varsity (university).

Middle clipping

In middle clipping or syncope, the middle of the word is retained. Examples are: flu (influenza), jams or jammies (pajamas/pyjamas), polly (apollinaris), shrink (head-shrinker), tec (detective).

Complex clipping

Clipped forms are also used in compounds. One part of the original compound most often remains intact. Examples are: cablegram (cable telegram), op art (optical art), org-man (organization man), linocut (linoleum cut). Sometimes both halves of a compound are clipped as in navicert (navigation certificate). In these cases it is difficult to know whether the resultant formation should be treated as a clipping or as a blend, for the border between the two types is not always clear. According to Bauer (1983), the easiest way to draw the distinction is to say that those forms which retain compound stress are clipped compounds, whereas those that take simple word stress are not. By this criterion bodbiz, Chicom, Comsymp, Intelsat, midcult, pro-am, sci-fi, and sitcom are all compounds made of clippings.

References

^ ^a ^b Blends
^ See p. 97 in Klein, Ernest (1987), A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Hebrew Language, Jerusalem: Carta.
^ See p. 66 in Zuckermann, Ghil'ad (2003), Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew, Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-1723-X.
^ See p. 67 in Zuckermann, Ghil'ad (2003), Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew, Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-1723-X.
^ Lewis Carroll, Alice in Wonderland.
^ Fromkin, V., Rodman, R., and Hyams, N. (2007) An Introduction to Language, Eighth Edition. Boston: Thomson Wadsworth. ISBN 1-4130-1773-8

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